
条件表現Conditionals Master Desk Mat (と・ば・たら・なら)
と (inevitable) · ば (provisional condition) · たら (sequential all-rounder) · なら (contextual advice) — decision guide, conjugation matrix & traps
Which “If / When” Should I Use? — 4-Step Classroom Decision Strip
When in doubt, たら is your safest choice!Are you reacting to what someone JUST said (“If that’s the case / For X…”)?
Is it a 100% automatic natural law, machine operation, or street direction?
Are you stating a general condition/proverb (“As long as A, B works”)?
Everything else — especially “When A finishes, do B” or requests/volition!
“Whenever A happens, B automatically follows.”
Natural laws, machine buttons, directions (“turn right and you’ll see…”), and habitual chain reactions.
- このボタンを押すと、おつりが出ます。When you press this button, change comes out.
- 春になると、桜が咲きます。When spring comes, cherry blossoms bloom.
“Provided that condition A is met, B will happen.”
Hypothetical conditions, proverbs, advice formulas (どうすればいいですか), and general cause-and-effect.
- 安ければ、そのパソコンを買います。If it is cheap, I will buy that laptop.
- 薬を飲めば、元気になりますよ。If you take medicine, you will get well.
“Once A finishes happening, then B!”
One-time future events (“When I get home…”), hypothetical “what-ifs,” and unexpected discoveries in the past.
- 雨が降ったら、うちで映画を見ましょう。If it rains, let’s watch a movie at home.
- 駅に着いたら、電話してください。When you arrive at the station, please call me.
“Picking up on what you just said — if X is the case, then Y!”
Giving advice, recommendations, or reactions based on what your conversation partner just said or wants.
- 日本に行くなら、京都が一番いいですよ。If you’re going to Japan, Kyoto is the best.
- おすしなら、あの店がおいしいです。If it’s sushi you want, that shop over there is delicious.
Same Scenario (“Going to Tokyo”) — 4 Nuances
- と東京に行くと、いつもこのホテルに泊まります。Habitual fact: Every time I go to Tokyo, I stay here.
- ば東京に行けば、たくさんの美術館が見られます。Condition → potential benefit: Provided you go to Tokyo…
- たら東京に行ったら、連絡してください。Sequential: Once you have arrived in Tokyo, please contact me.
- なら東京に行くなら、新幹線が便利ですよ。Before you go (in response to “I’m going to Tokyo”): Take the Shinkansen!
!Classic Classroom Traps
Never Follow 〜と With a Request, Invitation, or Desire!
〜と is for automatic, non-volitional outcomes. Whenever Clause B has 〜てください・〜ましょう・〜たい, switch to 〜たら!
Drop だ Before なら With Nouns & な-Adjectives
なら attaches directly to a Noun or な-Adjective base without だ.
Don’t Confuse たら (After Arrival) vs. なら (Before Departure)
A たら B means A happens FIRST, then B. Use Dict. + なら when B must be done BEFORE A.